$AI (-0.98%)

How do you book, for example, 1.10 free shares into Getquin?

I was inspired by a Focus Money article and because many people here are asking.

I won't be investing myself, it's too short-term for me. But there are still some very interesting companies.

Feel free to write in the comments whether such "copied articles" are of any use to the community or are legally correct :)

The signs of a peace process in Ukraine are solidifying. This is triggering a run on the stock market for shares that could benefit from reconstruction

Regardless of the political interpretation, the stock market has been turning its back on the war for several days now and is betting on the coming peace. Stocks that are likely to benefit from the reconstruction in Ukraine have soared. The UBS Ukraine Reconstruction Index, which comprises 25 of these stocks, has been climbing for days and is at an all-time high. "The effects of a possible ceasefire in Ukraine are still being underestimated on the financial markets," says Bernd Meyer, Chief Investment Strategist and Head of Multi Asset at Berenberg, who is convinced that the rally will continue. Reconstruction requires enormous resources. According to estimates by the World Bank, the costs for this amount to a total of 500 billion dollars - the equivalent of Austria's gross domestic product and more than three times Ukraine's annual economic output before the war. The money is likely to benefit construction companies, suppliers, infrastructure companies and banks in particular. European companies could be the main beneficiaries - especially from neighboring countries such as Poland and Hungary, but also the Czech Republic, Austria and Germany.

With Wärtsilä $WRT1V (-4.65%) a provider of technologies for the shipping and energy markets, and Konecranes $KCR (-7.19%) a manufacturer of industrial cranes and drive technology, Finnish companies are also on the list of potential peace beneficiaries - as are Italian companies such as the cement and building materials manufacturer Buzzi $BZU (-7.57%) The list is long. There is a great need for building materials, steel and cables to restore the destroyed infrastructure and energy supply. There is still no thematic fund or ETF on the beneficiaries of the reconstruction in Ukraine. Investors who want to benefit from this are therefore well advised to combine several securities into a portfolio themselves.

Banks: Erste Group Bank $EBS (-8.46%) Powszechna K. Osz $PKO (-10.17%) Santander Polska $SPL (-9.53%) Polska K. Opieki $PEO (-11.35%) Raiffeisen Bank Int.$RBI (-4.99%)

Construction: Wienerberger $WIE (-5.99%) Sniezka Construction $SKA Strabag $STR (-11.22%)

Insulation: Kingspan Group $KRX (-6.82%) Rockwool $ROCK B (-8.13%)

Glass: Cie de Saint-Gobain $SGO (-9.86%)

Cranes: Konecranes $KCR (-7.19%)

Cement: CRH $CRH (-5.59%) Buzzi $BZU (-7.57%) Holcim $HOLN (-6%) Heidelberg Mat. $HEI (-6.75%)

Construction machinery: Caterpillar $CAT (-4.89%)

Mining: Ferrexpo $FXPO (-8.5%) Metso $METSO (-6.07%)

Chemicals: BASF $BAS (-5%)

Industrial gases: Air Liquide $AI (-0.98%)

Infrastructure: Schneider Electric $SU (-8.15%) Rexel $RXL (-6.5%) Wärtsilä $WRT1V (-4.65%) Weir Group $WEIR (-8.5%)

Infrastructure (E): Siemens Energy $ENR (-9.65%) Prysmian $PRY (-9.42%) NKT $NKT (-6.96%) Nexans $NEX (-9.44%)

Agriculture: Kernel $KER (-11.65%)

Logistics(warehouse): Kion $KGX (-13.09%)

Steel: Arcelor Mittal $MT (-7.3%) and for stainless steels Outukompu $OUT1V (-10.35%)

Sanitary technology: Geberit $GEBN (-2.95%)

Specialty chemicals: Evonik $EVK (-4.83%) Arkema $AKE (-6.01%) Wacker Chemie $WCH (-7.57%) Lanxess $LXS (-9.26%)

Hello everyone,

maybe one of you can help me.

I bought 6. shares of Air Liquide in 2022. And due to stock splits in 2023 and 2024 I was at 6.6 and 7.26 shares respectively.

However, when I looked in my securities account this morning, there were only 6.6 shares left.

However, the custody account statement from 31.12.2024 still lists 7.26. Have I missed something or is this simply an error in my app?

Thank you in advance.

$AI (-0.98%)

The French stock market offers a large number of interesting stocks that are also very popular with investors.

Popular?

Well, yes,

Who wouldn't like LVMH, Sanofi, Air Liquid, Airbus, Safran, L'Oreal,

Essilor-Luxottica, Hermes, Danone, Pernod-Ricard and perhaps even more in your portfolio.

in the portfolio.

However, there are some hurdles and risks here.

On the one hand, we have to deal with the selection of stocks and the valuation and try to buy the stocks that we believe will rise in value at a favorable time.

Secondly, buying French shares is subject to French financial transaction tax (FTT) and 30% withholding tax on dividend distributions.

My optimization suggestion:

Instead of dealing with a large number of French shares and ending up doing everything wrong, I choose an ETF.

This has the following advantages, among others:

1 The individual share risk is spread.

2 Tax advantage for withholding tax, thanks to the double taxation agreement (see below)

3 Automatic rebalancing - the worst stocks are removed at regular intervals and new promising stocks are added to the ETF.

4 Low trading fees

Biggest disadvantage:

1 Most likely you will only achieve the average market return.

I have therefore opted for the Xtrackers CAC 40 LU0322250985 and will no longer buy French equities. Alternatively, the accumulating iShares MSCI France IE00BP3QZJ36 would also have been a good choice in my opinion.

Both ETFs offer a tax advantage, although you cannot avoid FTT. However, both Luxembourg and Ireland have a double taxation agreement with France. This means that the withholding tax on French dividends is reduced to 15%. Of course, this tax advantage applies not only to distributing ETFs, but also to accumulating ETFs.

I consider the already low TER of 0.2x% to be completely negligible, as both ETFs have had a positive TD for years.

In view of the weak performance of the current year, we could now be in a phase in which it could pay off to collect shares "cheaply" in order to benefit later from a higher personal dividend yield.

Conclusion:

I am selling LVMH and betting on the Xtrackers CAC 40 ETF to cover my entire exposure to France.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

$MC (-4.14%)
$AIR (-8.31%)
$AI (-0.98%)
$OR (-1.22%)
$RMS (-4.6%)
$EL (-4.31%)
$RI (-3.46%)
$DX2G (-4.8%)
$IS3U (-4.91%)

From sand to chip: how is a modern semiconductor made?

Reading time: approx. 10min

1) INTRODUCTION

Since 2023 at the latest and the rapid rise of Nvidia $NVDA (-7.25%) semiconductors and "AI chips" in particular have been the talk of the town. Since then, investors have been chasing after almost every company that has something to do with the manufacture of chips, driving share prices to unimagined heights. However, hardly any investors really know how complex the value chain is within the production of modern chips.

In this article, I will give you an overview of the entire manufacturing process and the companies involved. Even if many of you have a vague idea that the production of modern chips is complex, you will certainly be surprised by how complex it really is in reality.

2) BASIC

The starting point for every chip are so-called wafers [1] - i.e. thin wafers, which usually consist of so-called high-purity monocrystalline silicon. In the field of power semiconductors, which primarily comprises chips for applications with higher currents and voltages, silicon carbide (SiC) or galium nitride (GaN) has recently also been used as the base material for the wafers.

In the so-called front end the actual core components of the chips - the so-called dies - are created and applied to the wafers. The dies are rectangular structures that contain the actual functionality of the later chip. The finished dies are then tested for their functionality and electrical properties. Each die that is found to be good is then integrated into the so-called backend where the individual dies are separated on the wafer. This is followed by the so-called packaging. The individual dies from the front end are then electrically contacted and integrated into a protective housing. In the end, this housing with the contacted die is what is usually called a chip chip.

Now that we have a rough overview of the overall process, let's take a closer look at the individual processes involved in producing the dies on the wafer. This is the area in which most highly complex machines are used and which is usually the most sensitive.

3) FROM SAND TO WAFER

Before wafers made of high-purity silicon can even be produced and the actual process for manufacturing dies can begin, the actual wafer must first be manufactured in almost perfect quality. To do this, quartz sand, which consists largely of silicon dioxide, is reduced with carbon at high temperatures. This produces so-called raw siliconwhich, with a purity of around 96%, is not yet anywhere near the quality required for the production of wafers.

In several chemical processes, which are carried out by Wacker Chemie
$WCH (-7.57%) or Siltronic
$WAF (-7.01%) are used to turn the "impure" silicon into so-called polycrystalline silicon with a purity of 99.9999999%. For every billion silicon atoms, there is then only one foreign atom in the silicon. However, this pure polycrystalline silicon is still not suitable for the production of wafers, as the crystal structure in the silicon is not uniform enough. In order to create the right crystal structure, the polycrystalline silicon is then melted again and a so-called ingotwhich is made from monocrystalline silicon is produced. A comparison between raw silicon and the ingot can be found in the following image [3]:

This ingot is then sawn into thin slices, which are then the final wafers for semiconductor production. The best-known wafer producers are Shin Etsu
$4063, (-7.17%)
Siltronic or GlobalWafers
$6488.

4) FROM THE WAFER TO THE DIE

The wafers described in the previous section can now be used to produce dies. The overall process for producing dies basically consists of applying a large number of layers using various chemical, mechanical and physical processes. The overall process (depending on the product) takes approx. 80 different layers on the wafer, requiring almost 1000 different process steps and 3 months
non-stop production are required [4].

A macroscopic analogy is useful here, which I have also taken from [4]. You can compare the overall process for producing dies with baking a large multi-layer cake. This cake has 80 layers and the recipe for baking consists of 1000 steps. It takes 3 months to make the cake and if even one layer of the cake deviates from the recipe by more than 1%, the whole cake collapses and has to be thrown away.

In the first process steps, the wafer is covered with billions tiny little transistors are created on the wafer, which are then all individually electrically contacted in the following steps. The final steps consist of electrically connecting the transistors to each other, resulting in a complete electrical circuit [4]:

Each individual layer of the approximately 80 layers in the die requires highly specialized processes, which can be roughly summarized as:

• Applying masks: Photolithography, photoresist coating (applying photoresist)
• Apply material: Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), Atomic Layer Deposition
• Remove material: Plasma annealing, Wet annealing, Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP)
• Modify material: Ion Implanting, Annealing
• Material cleaning
• Inspecting the layers: Optical, Microscopical, Focused Ion Beam, Defect Inspection

Apply masks

Ultimately, a mask can be thought of as an enlarged copy of the structure of a special layer in the die. These so-called photomasks are then scanned using so-called scanners or steppers "copied" in reduced size onto the wafer. The best-known manufacturer of such lithography systems is ASML
$ASML (-2.09%). It is currently the only producer of lithography systems that make it possible to produce structures smaller than 10 nanometers on the wafer. In today's powerful and modern chips, such as those found in smartphones, AI chips and processors, the smallest structures are around 3 nanometers in size. Other manufacturers of lithography systems for larger structures (10nm and larger) are Canon Electronics
$7739 or Nikon $7731 (-6.32%) .

The photomasks - i.e. the enlarged "copies" of the structures - are produced by companies such as Toppan $7911 (-5.81%) , Dai Nippon Printing
$7912 (-4%) or Hoya $7741 (-2.68%) manufactured. Systems for cleaning the photomasks or for applying the photoresist are produced, for example, by Suss Microtec
$SMHN (-4.06%) for example.

Apply/remove/modify/clean material

As can be seen in the overview above, there are a variety of methods and processes for modifying the material of a particular layer. As a result, there is a lot of different equipment that can handle a process very well with incredible specialization. The best-known and most successful equipment manufacturers include Applied Materials $AMAT (-5.46%), LAM Research
$LRCX (-8.64%), Tokyo Electron (TEL)
$8035, (-6.71%)
Suss Mictrotec, Entegris
$ENTG (-8.38%) and Axcelis $ACLS (-4.64%).

The material - for example, highly specialized chemicals - is of course also required for production. Companies such as Linde
$LIN (-5.56%), Air Liquide
$AI (-0.98%), Air Products
$APD (-6.2%) and Nippon Sanso
$4091 (-2.44%) are major manufacturers of process gases such as nitrogen, hydrogen and argon.

Inspect

As mentioned, every single layer in the manufacturing process of a die must be perfect in order to obtain a functional die at the end. Any small deviation or foreign particles can impair the functionality of the die. As the function of the die can only be checked precisely on the finished die, it is advantageous to inspect the individual layers for defects and deviations during production. Special machines are required for this, which must be able to do different things depending on the layer. Manufacturers of such machines include KLA
$KLAC (-6.34%) or Onto Innovation
$ONTO (-4.03%).

The following applies to almost all of the companies mentioned in this section: the companies are highly specialized and have quasi-monopolies on the machines for certain process steps. quasi-monopolies. Suitable equipment therefore usually costs several million dollars. In addition, some of the systems are so complex that they can only be serviced by the manufacturer's own service staff, which results in recurring service revenues for every machine sold. As a rule, each machine requires several highly specialized engineers to ensure long-term stable operation.

5) FROM THE DIE TO THE FINISHED CHIP

Once the wafer has been processed, the dies on the wafer are checked for functionality. There is highly specialized equipment for this, so-called probers. These probers test each individual chip several times, if necessary, to check the functionality implemented in the design. Manufacturers of such probers include Teradyne $TER (-7.73%), Keysight Technologies
$KEYS (-5.64%), Onto Innovation or Tokyo Electron. These probers have to control each individual die, some of which are only a few square millimetres in size, and contact the corresponding much smaller test structures with tiny needles. The testing process is sometimes outsourced to entire companies that offer die testing as a complete package. One example of such providers is Amkor Technology
$AMKR (-4.89%).

The processed and tested wafer is now sawn to obtain individual dies. The dies that are found to be good are then integrated into a protective housing in the backend. The dies that have not passed the functionality test are either sorted out or (depending on the error pattern) processed as a variant with reduced functionality similar to those with full functionality. After a final functional test in the package, the chip is ready for use.

6) FOUNDRIES, FABLESS & SOFTWARE

Now that we have an overview of the complex process of manufacturing a chip, let's zoom out a little further to understand which companies perform which tasks in the semiconductor industry.

It's funny that not once in the manufacturing process has the name Nvidia $NVDA (-7.25%) or Apple $AAPL (-6.8%) has been mentioned? Yet they have the most advanced chips, don't they?

The pure production of the chips is done by other companies - so-called foundries. Companies like Nvidia and even AMD $AMD (-8.01%) are in fact fablessThis means that they do not have their own production facilities but only supply the chip design and let the foundries manufacture the actual chip according to their design.

The design of a chip is like the blueprint for production - the foundries then take over the recipe creation and the actual production. There is special software for designing chips. Companies known for this software include Cadance Design
$CDNS (-6.34%) and Synopsys $SNPS (-6%). But also the industrial giant Siemens
$SIE (-7.45%) now also supplies software for designing integrated circuits. Synopsys also offers other software for data analysis within foundry production.

Speaking of foundries; the best known foundry is probably TSMC
$TSM, (-6.15%) which is the global market leader in foundries. TSMC designs itself no chips itself and specializes exclusively in the production of the most advanced generations of chips. Another major player that also masters the most advanced structure sizes is Samsung $005930. In contrast to TSMC manufactures Samsung also produces its own designs. Other large foundries are Global Foundries
$GFS, (-7.62%) which was originally a spin-off from AMD and the Taiwanese company United Micro Electronics
$UMC. (-2.14%)

The best-known fabless companies - i.e. companies without their own chip production - are Nvidia, Apple, AMD, ARM Holdings
$ARM, (-9.86%)
Broadcom $AVGO (-5.25%), MediaTek $2454 and Qualcomm $QCOM. (-7.67%) In the meantime Alphabet $GOOGL, (-2.74%)
Microsoft $MSFT, (-2.36%)
Amazon $AMZN (-3.47%) and Meta $META (-4.44%) have designed their own chips for certain functionalities and then have them manufactured in foundries.

In addition to foundries and fabless companies, there are of course also hybrid models, i.e. companies that take on both production and design. The best-known examples of this are, of course, companies such as Intel
$INTC (-10.9%) and Samsung. There is also a whole range of so-called Integrated Device Manufacturer (IDM)which for the most part only manufacture their own designed chips and do not accept customer orders for production. Well-known companies such as Texas Instruments
$TXN, (-7.04%)
SK Hynix
$000660,
STMicroelectronics
$STMPA, (-4.97%)
NXP Semiconductors
$NXPI, (-6.1%)
Infineon $IFX (-8.33%) and Renesas $6723 (-15.64%) are among the IDMs.

FINAL WORD

The aim of this article was to provide an overview of the complexity of the semiconductor industry. I do not, of course no claim to be complete, as there are of course many other companies that are part of this value chain. As Getquin thrives on active exchange, I'll give you some food for thought to discuss in the comments below the article:

• feel free to link any other companies in the comments if you think I've forgotten any relevant ones
• what was the most surprising new information for you from the article?
• which companies from the article have you never heard of?
• before reading the article, did you know approximately how a modern chip is produced and what steps are necessary for this?

In general, I can recommend the 20-minute YouTube video at [4] to any interested reader. It provides an excellent animated overview of the manufacturing process of modern chips.

Stay tuned,

Yours Nico Uhlig (aka RealMichaelScott)

SOURCES:

[1] Wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer

[2] https://www.halbleiter.org/waferherstellung/einkristall/

[3] https://solarmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/solarmuseum_org-07917.jpg

[4] Branch Education on YouTube: "How are Microchips Made?" https://youtu.be/dX9CGRZwD-w?si=xeV0TYgJ2iwNOKyO

After being a mostly silent reader for over a year now, watching with interest what strategies and views others are pursuing:

Today I would like to share my first milestone with you - and most likely (never say never) my last.

After the last few weeks have been rather sideways, today I'm green again and have made a significant jump.

🎉A portfolio value of €1,000,000🎉

Briefly in advance:

My start in the world of finance began with a securities account that I inherited at the age of 20 due to sad circumstances. I never really got to grips with investments and 2-3 years later, I had completely different worries and suffering and would have gladly swapped the portfolio for a loved one again.

Now a little about my "strategy"

I inherited a lot of "blue chip" stocks and gradually sold some of them and opted for other stocks.

In my opinion, the "price increase" team is clearly superior to the "dividend" team at Getquin. I have always tried to find a healthy mix, and I have to admit that dividend stocks help me to get more involved with investing.

In the ~7 years I have been active so far, I have also had to learn the hard way and gain experience. Here are a few brief insights for those who are interested:

$TTE (-6.71%) and $AI (-0.98%) were my first self-made purchases, whereby I gradually $AI (-0.98%) I gradually increased my holdings and fortunately was able to take a stock split with me.

My first speculative share $NEL (-3.71%) had a price gain of 300% in the meantime, but was sold at a loss after disappointing figures.

During a professional training program during Corona, I bought shares $GME (+7.09%) I bought shares and took part in the rollercoaster ride in which I was able to realize a profit of €1,500 from a €6,000 investment and a lot of sweating and excitement.

I bought 0.05 $BTC (-0.22%) and was able to successfully hold it for 2 years and go from 0 to 0 before the BTC price went through the roof. You have to manage that first.

After the scandal of $WDI I thought, well the figures may be falsified but the company will have a conscience value and I burned another €1,500 at a share price of €1.22.

In addition, I couldn't quite believe the sanctions against Russia and shortly before the announcement of the sanctions $GAZP I bought shares worth €1,600.

At the end of the millions, the purchase of $PLTR (-11.65%) where I can currently record a 450% price gain.

( Thank you Jan Böhmermann, your video about this "evil" company was the best advertisement )

I am now happy with my portfolio. In the long term, I am still waiting $WCH (-7.57%) for a reasonably positive exit.

Of $SAP (-5.31%) as I also work with it at work and don't see any competition in the medium term as far as customized solutions are concerned.

I would also like to increase the position of $ENR (-9.65%) and generally increase my weighting with the Worlds funds.

I have currently set up savings plans of around €900 (€700 Worlds, €150 S&P 500, €50 EM)

In addition, I have a securities account not tracked here where I have been participating in a share program for employees for 10 years with my annual bonus payment from my employer. I also regularly watch videos of "Finanzbär" on Youtube where I am occasionally tempted to make individual purchases (e.g. $HIMS (-7.52%) and $SHOP (-5.55%) )

I can highly recommend it!

Fortunately, I can expect 3 salary increases in the next 12 months due to collective agreements and a change of position in the company.

I would like to use this to top up my savings plans and am considering investing €100 a month in $BTC (-0.22%) or $MSTR (+4.34%)

and we'll see.

My next goal?

Continue in the same way but don't forget that you are alive NOW and treat yourself to something. And if things go well, enjoy life in a southern country in my early 40s and no longer have to work 😁

With this in mind :

Cheers 🥂 thanks to all of you

Analyst updates, 02.12.24:

⬆️⬆️⬆️

- EXANE BNP upgrades NOVO NORDISK to Outperform. Target price DKK 930. $NOVO B

- HSBC upgrades LVMH to Buy. Target price EUR 727. $MC (-4.14%)

- WARBURG RESEARCH raises target price for MTU from EUR 278 to EUR 297. Hold. $MTX (-9.58%)

- GOLDMAN raises the price target for VISA from USD 324 to USD 347. Buy $V (-6.9%)

- DEUTSCHE BANK RESEARCH upgrades BASF from Hold to Buy and raises price target from EUR 50 to EUR 55. $BAS (-5%)

- DEUTSCHE BANK RESEARCH upgrades BURBERRY from Hold to Buy and raises target price from GBP 8.60 to GBP 11.80. $BRBY (-6.32%)

- GOLDMAN raises the target price for AROUNDTOWN from EUR 2.90 to EUR 3.70. Buy. $AT1 (-8.29%)

- GOLDMAN downgrades TOAST from Buy to Neutral and raises target price from USD 34 to USD 45. $TOST (-6.5%)

- HSBC upgrades HERMES to Buy. Target price 2500 EUR. $RMS (-4.6%)

- MORGAN STANLEY upgrades ZEBRA TECH to Equal-Weight. Target price 400 USD. $ZBRA (-7.76%)

- JPMORGAN upgrades AIR LIQUIDE from Neutral to Overweight and raises target price from EUR 161 to EUR 195. $AI (-0.98%)

- JPMORGAN raises target price for PUMA SE from EUR 44 to EUR 47. Neutral. $PUM (-2.41%)

⬇️⬇️⬇️

- GOLDMAN lowers the price target for MASTERCARD from USD 563 to USD 557. Buy. $MA (-7.72%)

- WARBURG RESEARCH lowers the price target for AIXTRON from EUR 26 to EUR 24. Buy. $AIXA (-7.39%)

- METZLER lowers the price target for WACKER NEUSON from EUR 14.50 to EUR 14. Hold. $WAC (-10.75%)

- DEUTSCHE BANK RESEARCH downgrades K+S from Hold to Sell and lowers target price from EUR 9.75 to EUR 9.50. $SDF (-1.01%)

- BERENBERG lowers the price target for BP from GBP 4.70 to GBP 4.40. Hold. $BP. (-8.86%)

- RBC downgrades IBERDROLA from Outperform to Sector-Perform. Target price EUR 14 $IBE (-5.53%)

- RBC lowers the price target for RWE from EUR 52.50 to EUR 45.50. Outperform. $RWE (-6.04%)

- JPMORGAN lowers the target price for ORSTED from DKK 460 to DKK 430. Neutral. $ORSTED (-7.25%)

- JPMORGAN lowers the price target for ADIDAS from EUR 275 to EUR 266. Overweight. $ADS (-0.23%)

- JPMORGAN lowers the price target for LVMH from EUR 685 to EUR 650. Neutral. $MC (-4.14%)

- JPMORGAN lowers the price target for HUGO BOSS from EUR 43 to EUR 42. Neutral. $BOSS (-2.48%)

Analyst updates, 26.11.

⬆️⬆️⬆️

- ODDO BHF upgrades DEUTSCHE TELEKOM from Neutral to Outperform. Target price EUR 35. $DTE (-4.46%)

- BARCLAYS raises the target price for AIRBUS from EUR 165 to EUR 166. Overweight. $AIR (-8.31%)

- BARCLAYS raises the target price for MTU from EUR 340 to EUR 356. Equal-Weight. $MTX (-9.58%)

- DEUTSCHE BANK RESEARCH raises the target price for ANGLO AMERICAN from GBP 27 to GBP 29. Buy. $AAUKF

- UBS raises the target price for ZURICH from CHF 475 to CHF 532. Neutral. $ZURN (-6.83%)

⬇️⬇️⬇️

- JPMORGAN lowers the price target for BIONTECH from USD 124 to USD 122. Neutral. $BNTX (-3.55%)

- JPMORGAN lowers the price target for MODERNA from USD 59 to USD 45. Underweight. $MRNA (-1.33%)

- UBS lowers the target price for AIR LIQUIDE from EUR 200 to EUR 195. Buy. $AI (-0.98%)

- METZLER lowers the price target for ABO ENERGY from EUR 113 to EUR 96. Buy. $AB9 (-2.14%)

- DEUTSCHE BANK RESEARCH lowers the target price for AIR FRANCE-KLM from EUR 10 to EUR 8.50. Hold. $AF

- UBS lowers the price target for UNITED INTERNET from EUR 24 to EUR 23. Buy. $UTDI (-7.38%)

Analyst updates, 18.11.

⬆️⬆️⬆️

- MORGAN STANLEY raises the price target for SIEMENS from EUR 212 to EUR 220. Overweight. $SIE (-7.45%)

- HSBC raises the target price for RHEINMETALL from EUR 660 to EUR 700. Buy. $RHM (-10.98%)

- HSBC raises the target price for DEUTSCHE TELEKOM from EUR 33.50 to EUR 34. Buy. $DTE (-4.46%)

- DEUTSCHE BANK RESEARCH raises the price target for ALLIANZ SE from EUR 275 to EUR 310. Buy. $ALV (-8.43%)

- DEUTSCHE BANK RESEARCH raises the price target for SIEMENS ENERGY from EUR 52 to EUR 57. Buy. $ENR (-9.65%)

- UBS upgrades AIR PRODUCTS & CHEMICALS from Neutral to Buy and raises target price from USD 338 to USD 375. $APD (-6.2%)

- ODDO BHF raises the price target for SWISS RE from CHF 127 to CHF 138. Outperform. $SREN (-6.98%)

- BARCLAYS raises the price target for MUNICH RE from EUR 523 to EUR 551. Overweight. $MUV2 (-6.68%)

- BARCLAYS raises the target price for HANNOVER RÜCK from EUR 206 to EUR 217. Underweight. $HNR1 (-5.85%)

⬇️⬇️⬇️

- MORGAN STANLEY lowers the target price for BAYER from EUR 35 to EUR 30. Equal-Weight. $BAYN (-6.12%)

- KEPLER CHEUVREUX lowers the target price for SIEMENS HEALTHINEERS from EUR 60.50 to EUR 59. Buy. $SHL (-5.55%)

- KEPLER CHEUVREUX downgrades KNAUS TABBERT to Hold. Target price EUR 15. $KTA (-5.14%)

- DEUTSCHE BANK RESEARCH lowers the price target for SGL CARBON from EUR 10.60 to EUR 9. Buy. $SGL (-4.9%)

- DEUTSCHE BANK RESEARCH lowers the price target for PVA TEPLA from EUR 18 to EUR 14.50. Hold. $TPE (-10.41%)

- DEUTSCHE BANK RESEARCH lowers the price target for KERING from EUR 340 to EUR 320. Buy. $KER (-6.24%)

- ODDO BHF downgrades BECHTLE to Neutral. Target price 37 EUR. $BC8 (-4.33%)

- BARCLAYS lowers the price target for UNITED INTERNET from EUR 27 to EUR 23. Equal-Weight. $UTDI (-7.38%)

- BARCLAYS lowers the price target for 1&1 from EUR 19 to EUR 17. Equal-Weight. $1U1 (-9.33%)

- BERENBERG lowers the target price for AIR LIQUIDE from EUR 195 to EUR 190. Buy. $AI (-0.98%)

- HSBC downgrades PORSCHE SE from Hold to Reduce and lowers target price from EUR 36 to EUR 26. $PAH3 (-3.65%)

Air Liquide Q3 2024 $AI (-0.98%)

Financial performance:

Air Liquide showed resilience in a challenging market environment and reported a 3.3% increase in comparable sales in Q3 2024. Operating recurring margin (OIR) improved by 100 basis points, excluding energy pass-through effects, thanks to strong pricing strategies and improved efficiency measures. The Healthcare segment recorded exceptional growth, with sales increasing by 25.3% in the quarter, driven by price increases in the US and Argentina.

Balance sheet analysis:

The company was able to reduce its net debt to €9.615 billion, a decrease of €541 million since June 30, 2024. With an investment backlog of €4.2 billion, Air Liquide is well positioned for future growth, underlining its solid financial foundation.

Income statement:

Sales in Q3 2024 amounted to €6.762 billion, an increase of 3.3% on a like-for-like basis. The Electronics segment achieved strong sales growth of 12.5%, supported by solid sales of carrier gases and the launch of new projects.

Cash flow analysis:

Operating cash flows before changes in working capital amounted to EUR 1.581 billion in Q3 2024, an increase of 4.0% excluding current taxes. Investment decisions reached a record level of EUR 1.4 billion in the quarter, driven by major projects in the energy transition and electronics sectors.

Key figures and profitability:

Operating margin improved by 100 basis points, driven by efficiency measures, effective price management and portfolio optimization. The Industrial Merchant business unit recorded a price effect of +4.1% in Q3 2024.

Segment analysis:

The Americas and Asia-Pacific regions achieved strong growth with increases of 9% and 4% respectively. In contrast, Europe recorded a slight decline in sales of 1.5%. The healthcare segment continued its strong development, supported by the positive performance in home care and medical gases.

Competitive analysis:

Air Liquide's strategic focus on improving margins and its investments in energy transition projects position the company strongly in the competitive environment. It is making significant progress on green hydrogen projects in Europe and is expanding its production capacity in the US.

Management forecasts and comments:

As part of its ADVANCE strategic plan, Air Liquide remains focused on resilience, performance and business development to drive long-term growth. Management is confident to further increase the operating margin and achieve a steady growth in net profit.

Risks and opportunities:

The main risks include exchange rate fluctuations, in particular a negative effect of 3.1% due to the devaluation in Argentina. At the same time, the company's investments in the energy transition and electronics sectors offer significant opportunities, with important projects already being implemented.

Summary and strategic implications:

Air Liquide's Q3 2024 results underline the company's financial strength and strategic progress. Impressive growth in key segments and regions as well as a focus on margin improvement and a robust investment pipeline, particularly in energy transition and electronics, position the company for future success. However, challenges such as currency fluctuations and regional sales declines need to be carefully managed. Overall, Air Liquide is well positioned for further growth, supported by a solid strategy and strong financial performance, and I remain excited to see where it goes from here.

Positive statements:

• Air Liquide reported a 3.3% year-on-year increase in comparable sales, underlining the company's resilience in a challenging market environment.
• The healthcare segment showed strong growth, with sales up 25.3% in the third quarter, driven by price increases in the US and Argentina.
• The company reported an increase in operating margin (OIR) of 100 basis points year to date, excluding energy pass-through effects, supported by proactive pricing strategies and efficiency measures.
• Investment decisions reached a record level of EUR 1.4 billion in the third quarter, driven by major energy transition and electronics projects.
• Air Liquide's capex backlog remains strong at EUR 4.2 billion, indicating a solid base for future growth.

Negative statements:

• Europe reported a slight decline in sales of 1.5% due to the sale of a cogeneration plant and the impact of energy price indexation.
• The Industrial Merchant segment in Asia was affected by a significant decline in helium sales in China, which led to a 1.8% drop in sales.
• The Global Markets & Technologies division recorded a 4.6% decline in sales on a comparable basis, indicating challenges in this sector.
• The Electronics segment, although growing, struggled with weaknesses in specialty materials, indicating performance shortfalls.
• The company suffered a negative currency effect of 3.1%, mainly due to the devaluation in Argentina, which had a negative impact on total revenue.