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Incidentally, solar thermal systems have been around in Europe (southern Spain) for over 15 years: Gemasolar, PS20 or Andasol.
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@Da_Fischi
Thank you for the tip. Spain was there early on, that's true. But Gemasolar, Andasol and PS20 are classic first-generation CSP plants. What China is building today is a completely different system.

The difference lies in three points:

1. hybrid instead of single plant
Spain: pure CSP with limited storage.
China: CSP + PV + large thermal storage + BESS + HVDC.
Thus real 24/7 base load.

2nd scaling
Spain: 50-150 MW per plant.
China: 1-3 GW base load, up to 5+ GW peak.
These are different dimensions.

3. construction time
Spain: 7-10 years.
China: 18-24 months.
Standardized technology, fast approval, EPC from a single source.

In short: Spain has laid the foundations, China is now building the large industrial scale.
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